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BSK-H medium with/without L-glutamine

BSK-H Medium

BSK-H medium is a specific, very nutrient-rich ready-to-use cell culture medium for the cultivation or isolation of spirochaetes (such as Borrelia spec., especially B. burgdorferi and B. hermsii). Our BSK-H medium is based on the Connaught Medical Research Laboratories (CMRL) medium 1066 and is additionally enriched to meet the nutritional requirements of freshly isolated spirochetes.

The special formulation of the medium is characterized by a very high content of proteins and peptides, a richness of nucleosides (nucleobase and pentose, without phosphate residues) and a very high content of vitamins. Glucose serves as an energy source for the cells. BSK-H medium uses the buffer substance HEPES to maintain the pH value and guarantee long-term stability. Our BSK-H medium also contains N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, which is the essential element of bacterial peptidoglycan.

Through specific galenics and precise production processes, we guarantee you a BSK-H medium of the highest quality and purity from batch to batch. This enables you to achieve constant and reproducible cell growth of your spirochaetes. For guaranteed success of your in vitro cell culture, we recommend supplementing the BSK-H medium with 3-8% rabbit serum.

Article list

ProductsArticle numberQuantityShop
BSK-H Medium - with L-glutamine
(with 6 g/l D-glucose, with 6 g/l HEPES, with phenol red)
BS.2.12ML.100
100 ml
BS.2.12ML.500
500 ml
BSK-H Medium - without glutamine
(with 6 g/l D-glucose, with 6 g/l HEPES, with phenol red)
BS2.12OL.100
100 ml
BS.2.12OL.500
500 ml

Good to know

The use of BSK-H medium for the cultivation of Borrelia is recommended by the DMSZ.

Our ready-to-use BSK-H medium does not contain rabbit serum and should be supplemented with 3-8% rabbit serum.

Important: We strongly advise you not to purchase BSK-H Medium pre-supplemented with rabbit serum.As the formulation of the rabbit serum contained is unknown, you have no means of intervening or manipulating your Borrelia culture in the event of growth difficulties. It is also not possible to reproduce your experiments with different batches. It is better to add rabbit serum from a known batch yourself to ensure a consistent formulation. (e.g. RAB.SE.0100)

Application

  • Cultivation of Borrelia/Spirochaetes
  • Isolation of Borrelia/Spirochaetes

Publications

CspZ variant - specific interaction with factor H incorporates a metal site to support Lyme borreliae complement evasion

Kalvis Brangulis, Valerie Sürth, Ashley L. Marcinkiewicz, Inara Akopjana, Andris Kazaks, Janis Bogans, Alisa Huber, Yi-Pin Lin, Peter Kraiczy
J. Biol. Chem. (2025) 301(1) 108083

Complement inhibition by a unique cluster of immunomodulatory outer surface proteins of Borrelia recurrentis

Florian Röttgerding, Flavia Reyer, Eva Gerlach, Martin Amborn, Nadine Duschek, Tilman Gunter Schultze, Volker Fingerle, Christopher M Roome, Michaela Stumpf, Katja Becker, Stefan Rahlfs, Jude Marek Przyborski , Peter Kraiczy, Karin Fritz-Wolf
Nat Commun. (2026) 17(1):3900

Natural genetic variation impacts complement inhibitory activity of PFam54 orthologs of Asian Borrelia bavariensis

Luisa Langhoff, Paul Kapfer, Florian Röttgerding, Gabriele Margos, Sabrina Hepner, Volker Fingerle, Kozue Sato, Hiroki Kawabata, Yi-Pin Lin, Kalvis Brangulis, Robert E Rollins, Peter Kraiczy
Sci Rep. (2026) 16(1):9080

Comparative genomics and transcriptomics of the Spiroplasma glossinidia strain sGff reveal insights into host interaction and trypanosome resistance in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes

Daniel J. Bruzzese, Fabian Gstöttenmayer, Brian L. Weiss, Hager Khalil, Robert L. Mach, Adly M.M. Abd-Alla, Serap Aksoy
BMC Genomics (2025) 26:1131

Pleomorphic Variants of Borreliella (syn. Borrelia) burgdorferi Express Evolutionary Distinct Transcriptomes

Nina Corak, Sirli Anniko, Christina Daschkin-Steinborn, Viktoria Krey, Sara Koska, Momir Futo, Tin Široki, Innokenty Woichansky, Luka Opašic, Domagoj Kifer, Anja Tušar, Horst-Günter Maxeiner, Mirjana Domazet-Lošo, Carsten Nicolaus, Tomislav Domazet-Lošo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. (2023), 24, 5594

Utilizing Two Borrelia bavariensis Isolates Naturally Lacking the PFam54 Gene Array To Elucidate the Roles of PFam54-Encoded Proteins

Robert E. Rollins, Janna Wülbern, Florian Röttgerding, Tristan A.Nowak, Sabrina Hepner, Volker Fingerle, Gabriele Margos, Yi-Pin Lin, Peter Kraiczy, Noémie S. Beckera
Applied and Environmental Microbiology (2022), Volume 88 Issue 5 e01555-21

Borrelia burgdorferi modulates the physical forces and immunity signaling in endothelial cells

Raul Aparicio Yuste, Marie Muenkel, Konstantinos Axarlis, Maria J. Gomez Benito, Annalena Reuss, Grace Blacker, Michal Caspi Tal, Peter Kraiczy, and Effie E. Bastounis
iScience 25, 104793 (2022)

Bactericidal activity of avian complement: a contribution to understand avian‑host tropism of Lyme borreliae

Valerie Sürth, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Maria Sofia Núncio, Ana Cláudia Norte, Peter Kraiczy
Parasites Vectors (2021) 14:451

Elucidating the Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Borrelia mayonii, the Causative Agent of Lyme Disease

Lea Walter, Valerie Sürth, Florian Röttgerding, Peter F. Zipfel, Karin Fritz-Wolf, Peter Kraiczy
Frontiers in Immunology (2019), Volume 10, 2722

Further Insights Into the Interaction of Human and Animal Complement Regulator Factor H With Viable Lyme Disease Spirochetes

Jovana Jasmin Mühleip, Yi-Pin Lin, Peter Kraiczy
Frontiers in Veterinary Science (2019), Volume 5, 346

BGA66 and BGA71 facilitate complement resistance of Borrelia bavariensis by inhibiting assembly of the membrane attack complex

Claudia Hammerschmidt, Yvonne Klevenhaus, Arno Koenigs, Teresia Hallström, Volker Fingerle, Christine Skerka, Klaas Martinus Pos, Peter F. Zipfel, Reinhard Wallich, Peter Kraiczy
Molecular Microbiology (2016) 99(2), 407 - 424

Versatile Roles of CspA Orthologs in Complement Inactivation of Serum-Resistant Lyme Disease Spirochetes

Claudia Hammerschmidt, Arno Koenigs, Corinna Siegel, Teresia Hallström, Christine Skerka, Reinhard Wallich, Peter F. Zipfel, Peter Kraiczya
Infection and Immunity (2014), Volume 82, Number 1, 380–392

Borrelia valaisiana Resist Complement-Mediated Killing Independently of the Recruitment of Immune Regulators and Inactivation of Complement Components

Jasmin Schwab, Claudia Hammerschmidt, Dania Richter, Christine Skerka, Franz-Rainer Matuschka, Reinhard Wallich, Peter F. Zipfel, Peter Kraiczy
PLOS ONE (2013), Vol. 8, Issue 1, e53659

Molecular Characterization of the Interaction of Borrelia parkeri and Borrelia turicatae with Human Complement Regulators

Melanie Schott, Sonja Grosskinsky, Christiane Brenner, Peter Kraiczy, Reinhard Wallich
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY (2010), Vol. 78, No. 5, p. 2199–2208

Human Complement Regulators C4b-Binding Protein and C1 Esterase Inhibitor Interact with a Novel Outer Surface Protein of Borrelia recurrentis

Sonja Grosskinsky, Melanie Schott, Christiane Brenner, Sally J. Cutler, Markus M. Simon, Reinhard Wallich
PLoS Negl Trop Dis (2010) 4(6): e698.